Table 2 Descriptive statistics and differences between the three countries

 Infant feeding mode

Any BF

No BF

568 (88.6)

73 (11.4)

402 (70.8)

166 (29.2)

604 (72.1)

234 (27.9)

72.5 (2), 0.19

< 0.001

 Maternal age

30 ± 4^a

33 ± 4^a,b

30 ± 4^b

< 0.001

 Parity

First child

Second+ child

366 (57.2)

274 (42.8)

252 (44.4)

315 (55.6)

483 (57.6)

355 (42.4)

27.9 (2), 0.12

< 0.001

 Education level

University

No university

406 (63.3)

235 (36.7)

409 (73.2)

150 (26.8)

550 (66.6)

276 (33.4)

13.5 (2), 0.08

< 0.001

 Income (quintiles)

Lowest to 4th

4th to highest

283 (46.0)

332 (54.0)

198 (37.2)

334 (62.8)

457 (57.3)

340 (42.7)

53.5 (2), 0.17

< 0.001

 Religiousness

Yes

No

230 (39.2)

357 (60.8)

409 (77.0)

122 (23.0)

298 (37.3)

501 (62.7)

233.3 (2), 0.35

< 0.001

 Urban living

Yes (city)

No (other)

335 (52.8)

300 (47.2)

162 (28.8)

401 (71.2)

212 (25.3)

625 (74.7)

132.3 (2), 0.26

< 0.001

 Type of birth

Vaginal

Planned C

Emergency C

445 (69.9)

100 (15.7)

92 (14.4)

395 (70.3)

86 (15.3)

81 (14.4)

605 (72.6)

85 (10.2)

143 (17.2)

13.3 (4), 0.08

0.01

 Feeding knowledge

Correct

Incorrect

355 (56.7)

271 (43.3)

362 (65.9)

187 (34.1)

583 (71.4)

233 (28.6)

34.1 (2), 0.13

< 0.001

 Feeding attitudes

5.41 ± 0.82^a

5.37 ± 0.95

5.28 ± 0.97^a

0.023

 Support level

Group 1 (F&F)

22.36 ± 7.82^{a, b}

19.77 ± 8.32^a

19.67 ± 8.28^b

< 0.001

Group 2 (Prof)

17.78 ± 8.98^{a, b}

14.75 ± 9.17^{a, c}

11.81 ± 8.66^{b, c}

< 0.001

Group 3 (Tech)

10.17 ± 6.07^a

9.44 ± 5.73^b

8.13 ± 5.81^{a, b}

< 0.001

 Fed yourself as a baby

Just breastmilk

361 (56.6)

149 (26.2)

333 (39.9)

182.3 (8), 0.30

< 0.001

Mainly BM

58 (9.1)

72 (12.7)

128 (15.3)

Mainly formula

69 (10.8)

43 (7.6)

80 (9.6)

Just formula

116 (18.2)

286 (50.4)

266 (31.9)

Don’t know

34 (5.3)

18 (3.2)

28 (3.4)

 First food

Breastmilk

594 (93.2)

484 (85.5)

741 (88.8)

19.1 (2), 0.097

< 0.001,

Formula

43 (6.8)

82 (14.5)

93 (11.2)

 Skin-to-skin contact to find breast

Yes

484 (75.9)

401 (71.6)

606 (72.4)

9.0 (4), 0.07

0.061

No

139 (21.8)

129 (23.0)

201 (24.0)

Don’t know

15 (2.4)

30 (5.4)

30 (3.6)

 Encouraged by professional

Immediately/ within few mins

281 (44.7)

243 (43.2)

268 (32.2)

82.1 (12), 0.20

< 0.001

>few mins to 30mins

145 (23.1)

101 (17.9)

193 (23.2)

>30mins to 1 h

84 (13.4)

47 (8.3)

104 (12.5)

> 1 h to 2 h

43 (6.8)

34 (6.0)

60 (7.2)

> 2 h to 24 h

40 (6.4)

35 (6.2)

56 (6.7)

Not encouraged

22 (3.5)

81 (14.4)

124 (14.9)

Don’t know

14 (2.2)

22 (3.9)

27 (3.2)

 Feeding plan

BF

590 (92.2)

451 (79.7)

675 (80.5)

58.5 (6), 0.17

< 0.001

FF

18 (2.8)

58 (10.2)

61 (7.3)

Combo

19 (3.0)

29 (5.1)

69 (8.2)

Not decided

13 (2.0)

28 (4.9)

33 (3.9)

 Feeding information

Breastfeeding

Yes

No

568 (89.4)

67 (10.6)

463 (82.1)

101 (17.9)

677 (81.3)

156 (18.7)

20.2 (2), 0.10

< 0.001

Formula feeding

Yes

No

342 (56.6)

262 (43.4)

403 (76.9)

121 (23.1)

478 (60.1)

318 (39.9)

57.1 (2), 0.17

< 0.001