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Table 3 EENC practices and breastfeeding in the intervention and control hospitals before and after EENC implementation, from birth to 6 months post birth

From: Early essential newborn care is associated with increased breastfeeding: a quasi-experimental study from Sichuan Province of Western China

Characteristics

Pre-EENC

Post-EENC

Intervention

n (%)

Control

n (%)

t/z/χ2

P-value

Intervention

n (%)

Control

n (%)

t/z/χ2

P-value

Time of SSC initiation, min (Median, IQR)

10 (4–21)

6 (4–18)

−1.45

0.15

0.7 (0.3–5.1)

3 (1–7)

5.23

< 0.01

Duration of SSC, min (Median, IQR)

30 (15–32)

0 (0–10)

− 16.94

< 0.01

90 (37–105)

0 (0–24)

−20.08

< 0.01

Time of breastfeeding initiation, min (Median, IQR)

16 (7–32)

37 (24–60)

−11.83

< 0.01

25 (10–40)

33 (21–54)

−6.03

< 0.01

Duration of the first breastfeeding, min (Median, IQR)

30 (20–30)

25 (10–30)

−4.18

< 0.01

35 (30–50)

20 (15–30)

−12.94

< 0.01

Breastfeeding initiation within the first hour

  

50.09

< 0.01

  

24.13

< 0.01

Yes

280 (90.3)

240 (67.6)

  

270 (90.6)

236 (75.6)

  

No

30 (9.7)

115 (32.4)

  

28 (9.4)

76 (24.4)

  

Successful first-time breastfeeding with provision of SSC

  

34.16

< 0.01

  

146.28

< 0.01

 Yes

244 (77.0)

53 (47.3)

  

278 (91.1)

36 (33.3)

  

 No

73 (23.0)

59 (52.7)

  

27 (8.9)

72 (66.7)

  

Feeding pattern

 Prior to discharge

  

13.31

< 0.01

  

33.27

< 0.01

  Exclusive breastfeeding

203 (62.1)

179 (48.5)

  

228 (74.5)

177 (55.0)

  

  Mixed feeding

116 (35.5)

181 (49.1)

  

71 (23.2)

143 (44.4)

  

  Artificial feeding

8 (2.4)

9 (2.4)

  

7 (2.3)

2 (0.6)

  

 1 month post birth

  

4.03

0.13

  

1.60

0.45

  Exclusive breastfeeding

190 (69.6)

218 (74.7)

  

208 (75.7)

218 (78.1)

  

  Mixed feeding

76 (27.8)

62 (21.2)

  

62 (22.5)

53 (19.0)

  

  Artificial feeding

7 (2.6)

12 (4.1)

  

5 (1.8)

8 (2.9)

  

 3 months post birth

  

8.52

0.01

  

17.70

< 0.01

  Exclusive breastfeeding

194 (74.0)

194 (71.1)

  

167 (61.4)

200 (76.0)

  

  Mixed feeding

61 (23.3)

56 (20.5)

  

92 (33.8)

47 (17.9)

  

  Artificial feeding

7 (2.7)

23 (8.4)

  

13 (4.8)

16 (6.1)

  

 6 months post birth

  

10.34

< 0.01

  

39.39

< 0.01

  Exclusive breastfeeding

129 (47.3)

118 (50.0)

  

117 (48.5)

81 (35.5)

  

  Mixed feeding

127 (46.5)

86 (36.4)

  

117 (48.5)

98 (43.0)

  

  Artificial feeding

17 (6.2)

32 (13.6)

  

7 (3.0)

49 (21.5)

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