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Table 2 Sucking dynamics at 4, 10, 19, and 24 weeks in an infant with Down syndrome

From: Altered sucking dynamics in a breastfed infant with Down syndrome: a case report

Infant age

4 weeks

4 weeks

10 weeks

14 weeks

19 weeks

24 weeks

Reference range

Breast

left

right (shield)

right

left

right

left

average

Peak vacuum (mmHg)

− 59 ± 33.5

− 43 ± 29

−38.5 ± 20

−54 ± 35

−58 ± 40

− 133 ± 43

− 145 ± 58 [13]

Baseline vacuum (mmHg)

−6 ± 8

−2 ± 5

0 ± 4

−6.5 ± 11.5

−12 ± 18

−31 ± 30

− 64 ± 45 [13]

NS burst duration (s)

3.3 (0.4, 8)

2.3 (1, 10)

3.8 (0.6, 19)

3.7 (0.5, 17.5)

4.5 (0.7, 20)

6.0 (0.4, 75)

8.9 (4.5, 18.3) [23]

NNS burst duration (s)

2.0 (0.5, 2.7)

2.7 (2, 8)

1.6 (0.6, 7.5)

2.5 (0.5, 10.5)

5.0, (1, 10.5)

2.8 (0.6, 29.5)

4.5 (3.1, 7.1) [23]

NP duration (s)

2.3 (0.6, 35)

3.0 (0.5, 41.2)

1.4 (0.3, 19)

1.0 (0.6, 76.5)

0.9 (0.5, 9.1)

0.7 (0.4, 99.6)

2.9 (1.8, 5.5) [13]

NNP duration (s)

3.5 (1.7, 13)

16 (2.6, 48.7)

2 (0.3, 37.5)

2 (0.7, 128.2)

18 (0.9, 67)

2.3 (0.6, 19.5)

2.7 (1.9, 4.0) [13]

Milk intake (mL)

22

4

42

42

48

125

76 (30–135) [17]

NS rate (sucks/min)

101 ± 22

110 ± 31

87 ± 17

96 ± 27.5

97 ± 22.5

105 ± 22.7

74 ± 17.1 [23]

NNS rate (sucks/min)

85.4 ± 19

112.3 ± 22

93 ± 28.5

105.4 ± 20.3

91.4 ± 13

118 ± 33.2

88.9 ± 23.9 [23]

Feeding efficiency (mL/min)

4.7

1.5

6

6

8

11.5

8.9 ± 4.2 [24]

  1. Sucking dynamics reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (min, max) for peak and baseline vacuums, milk intake, nutritive (NS) and non-nutritive suck (NNS) rate and burst duration, nutritive (NP) and non-nutritive pause (NNP) duration and feeding efficiency at monitored breastfeeds for an infant with Down syndrome at 1–6 months of age