Characteristic | Overall | Women not living with HIV | Women living with HIV | p-value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number | 1680 | 895 | 785 | |
Age, years (IQR) | 25 (21–30) | 23 (20–27) | 28 (23–32) | < 0.001 |
Education, n (%)a | 0.003 | |||
Less than high school | 730 (43.6) | 355 (39.9) | 375 (47.8) | |
High school or above | 945 (56.1) | 539 (60.0) | 406 (51.7) | |
Missing | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.5) | |
Employment, n (%)a | 0.001 | |||
Employed/ other | 221 (13.1) | 88 (9.8) | 133 (16.9) | |
Unemployed | 1453 (86.5) | 803 (89.8) | 650 (82.9) | |
Missing | 6 (0.4) | 4 (0.4) | 2 (0.3) | |
Household assets‡, n (%)a | 0.003 | |||
≥ 15 assets | 551 (32.9) | 321 (36.1) | 230 (29.3) | |
< 15 assets | 1129 (67.1) | 574 (63.9) | 555 (70.7) | |
Household income, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Family income ≥ R2000 | 714 (42.5) | 380 (42.5) | 334 (42.5) | |
Family income < R2000 | 620 (36.9) | 292 (32.5) | 328 (41.8) | |
Missing | 346 (20.6) | 223 (25.0) | 123 (15.7) | |
Relationship status, n (%)a | 0.559 | |||
Married/ living with partner/ other | 278 (16.6) | 136 (15.2) | 142 (18.2) | |
Not married and not living with partner | 1397 (83.2) | 757 (84.6) | 640 (81.6) | |
Missing | 5 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) | |
Number of children, n (%)a | < 0.001 | |||
More than 1 child | 1061 (63.1) | 444 (49.5) | 617 (78.6) | |
One child | 615 (36.6) | 449 (50.3) | 166 (21.1) | |
Missing | 4 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | |
Drinking water sourceb, n (%)a | 0.325 | |||
Piped water in or on property | 617 (36.7) | 327 (36.7) | 290 (36.8) | |
Communal water pipe, bore hole, tank | 883 (52.5) | 463 (51.6) | 420 (53.6) | |
Other (stream/ dam/ purchase) | 180 (10.7) | 105 (11.7) | 75 (9.6) | |
Time travelled to clinic during pregnancyb, n (%)a | 0.006 | |||
< 15 min | 209 (12.4) | 127 (14.1) | 82 (10.5) | |
15–30 min | 750 (44.6) | 388 (43.4) | 362 (46.0) | |
31–60 min | 479 (28.5) | 256 (28.6) | 223 (28.5) | |
> 60 min | 222 (13.2) | 111 (12.5) | 111 (14.1) | |
Missing | 20 (1.2) | 13 (1.5) | 7 (0.9) | |
Exposure to CQI during pregnancy, n (%)a | 0.002 | |||
Unexposed | 975 (58.3) | 536 (60.3) | 439 (56.1) | |
Exposed | 705 (41.7) | 359 (39.7) | 346 (43.9) |