Interactions between cortisol and lipids in human milk

Linderborg, Kaisa M.; Kortesniemi, Maaria; Aatsinki, Anna-Katariina; Karlsson, Linnea; Karlsson, Hasse; Yang, Baoru; Uusitupa, Henna-Maria

doi:10.1186/s13006-020-00307-7

International Breastfeeding Journal

Table 3 Fatty acid compositions of phospholipid-rich lipids in human milk

From: Interactions between cortisol and lipids in human milk

Fatty acid	Relative mass proportions in phospholipid-rich lipids					Quantities as phosphatidylcholine (mg/mL)
	Low cortisol (< 3 nmol/L)		High cortisol (> 10 nmol/L)		p-value	Low cortisol (< 3 nmol/L)		High cortisol (> 10 nmol/L)		p-value
	Mean	STDEV	Mean	STDEV	p-value	Mean	STDEV	Mean	STDEV	p-value
Lauric 12:0	2.16	1.04	2.50	1.38	0.29^a	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.63^a
Myristic 14:0	4.01	1.38	4.87	1.77	0.01^a,b	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.03	0.37^a
Myristoleic 14:1n − 5	0.16	0.11	0.16	0.09	0.99^a	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.59^a
Palmitic 16:0	21.55	3.04	21.70	3.25	0.81^c	0.23	0.14	0.21	0.10	0.96^a
Palmitoleic 16:1n − 7	1.96	0.63	1.88	0.70	0.57^c	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.53^a
Stearic 18:0	13.20	4.14	13.07	3.83	0.81^a	0.12	0.06	0.12	0.05	0.52^a
Oleic 18:1n − 9	31.30	6.62	30.13	5.98	0.23^a	0.37	0.29	0.32	0.20	0.61^a
Vaccenic 18:1n − 7	1.68	0.32	1.63	0.34	0.43^c	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.58^a
Linoleic 18:2n − 6	14.81	2.68	14.94	2.72	0.77^a	0.15	0.09	0.15	0.07	0.69^a
Linolenic 18:3n − 3	1.44	0.58	1.49	0.57	0.98^a	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.77^a
Arachidic 20:0	0.18	0.08	0.19	0.07	0.69^a	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.001	0.81^a
Gondoic 20:1n − 9	0.63	0.16	0.65	0.15	0.37^a	0.007	0.004	0.006	0.004	0.88^a
Eicosadienoic 20:2n − 6	0.30	0.07	0.33	0.07	0.06^c	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.89^a
Dihomogammalinolenic 20:3n − 6	0.85	0.32	0.86	0.33	0.98^a	0.008	0.004	0.008	0.004	0.52^a
Arachidonic 20:4n − 6	1.83	0.79	1.92	0.99	0.90^a	0.02	0.01	0.02	0.01	0.70^a
Eicosatrienoic 20:3n − 3	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.04	0.27^a	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.22^a
Eicosapentaenoic 20:5n − 3	0.29	0.16	0.26	0.15	0.26^a	0.003	0.002	0.003	0.002	0.29^a
Behenic 22:0	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.93^a	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.93^a
Docosenoic 22:1n − 9	0.11	0.08	0.17	0.11	0.009^a,b	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.11^a
Nervonic 24:1n − 9	1.02	0.69	0.92	0.39	0.93^a	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.48^a
Docosahexaenoic 22:6n − 3	0.05	0.33	0.06	0.28	0.69^a	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.71^a
Other fatty acids	2.43	0.81	2.24	0.70	0.11^a	0.03	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.50^a
SAFA	41.13	5.01	42.37	5.15	0.23^c	0.43	0.25	0.41	0.18	0.99^a
MUFA	35.83	7.17	34.62	6.50	0.20^a	0.43	0.33	0.37	0.22	0.61^a
PUFA	19.59	3.63	19.86	3.67	0.53^a	0.20	0.12	0.19	0.10	0.72^a
Omega-3 FAs	1.80	0.63	1.82	0.61	0.89^a	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.01	0.70^a
Omega-6 FAs	17.79	3.54	18.04	3.51	0.52^a	0.18	0.10	0.17	0.09	0.65^a
	Relative mass proportion of polar lipids from all lipids
	3.28	1.43	2.89	1.19	0.16^a

Data is presented as relative proportions (%) and quantities (mg/mL) and grouped based on milk cortisol levels. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between low and high milk cortisol groups are highlighted with bold type. Abbreviations: STDEV standard deviation, SAFA saturated fatty acids, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids
^a Significant difference between the low and high cortisol groups, Mann–Whitney U test
^b Milk cortisol (as continuous variable) remained a statistically significant predictor after controlling for pre-pregnancy BMI and sampling time in linear regression analysis, see Additional file 1
^c Significant difference between the low and high cortisol groups, T-test (df = 98)

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