Skip to main content

Table 2 Characteristic of dyads including in analysis of prelacteal feeding in Pakistan, PDHS 2012–13 (n = 1361)

From: Prelacteal feeding practices in Pakistan: a mixed-methods study

Variables

All

(n = 1361)

% (n)

Prelacteal feeding

P - value

Yes

% (n)

No

% (n)

Total Sample

–

64.7 (881)

35.3 (480)

 

Maternal education

 No education

52.5 (715)

63.3 (453)

36.7 (262)

<  0.001

 Primary

15.4 (210)

75.1 (158)

24.9 (52)

 Middle

8.2 (112)

68.8 (77)

31.2 (35)

 Secondary

11.4 (155)

65.8 (102)

34.2 (53)

 Higher

12.6 (171)

53.2 (91)

46.8 (80)

Maternal age

 15–24

33.1 (450)

66.5 (299)

33.5 (151)

0.27

 25–34

52.8 (719)

64.9 (467)

35.1 (252)

 34 and above

14.1 (192)

59.9 (115)

40.1 (77)

Wealth index

 Poorest

20.1 (274)

56.8 (156)

43.2 (118)

<  0.001

 Poorer

20.4 (278)

61.2 (170)

38.8 (108)

 Middle

19.8 (269)

69.6 (187)

30.4 (82)

 Rich

19.6 (267)

74.5 (199)

25.5 (68)

 Richest

20.1 (274)

61.9 (170)

38.1 (104)

Sex of household head

 Male

93.2 (1268)

64.0 (812)

36.0 (456)

0.030

 Female

6.8 (93)

74.0 (69)

26.0 (24)

Place of residence

 Urban

43.6 (593)

62.3 (370)

37.7 (223)

0.055

 Rural

56.4 (768)

66.6 (511)

33.4 (257)

Region

 Punjab

28.0 (381)

86.6 (330)

13.4 (51)

<  0.001

 Sindh

22.1 (301)

56.5 (170)

43.5 (131)

 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

20.2 (275)

73.1 (201)

26.9 (74)

 Baluchistan

15.0 (204)

62.3 (127)

37.7 (77)

 Islamabad

5.1 (69)

56.5 (39)

43.5 (30)

 Gilgit-Baltistan

9.6 (131)

10.7 (14)

89.3 (117)

Antenatal care

 No

23.0 (313)

59.7 (187)

40.3 (126)

0.04

 1–3 visits

37.6 (512)

68.4 (350)

31.6 (162)

  ≥ 4 visits

39.4 (536)

64.1 (344)

35.9 (192)

Place of delivery

 At home

45.3 (617)

67.2 (415)

32.8 (202)

<  0.001

 Public health facility

19.5 (265)

51.9 (137)

48.1 (128)

 Private

35.2 (479)

68.7 (329)

31.3 (150)

Birth by cesarean section

 No

86.2 (1173)

63.4 (743)

36.6 (430)

0.004

 Yes

13.8 (188)

73.7 (138)

26.3 (50)

When child put to breast after delivery

 Within one hour

23.0 (313)

38.7 (121)

61.3 (192)

<  0.001

 2–24 h

49.4 (672)

59.2 (398)

40.8 (274)

 After one day

27.6 (376)

96.3 (362)

3.7 (14)

Sex of child

 Male

50.7 (690)

63.6 (439)

36.4 (251)

0.21

 Female

49.3 (671)

65.9 (442)

34.1 (229)

Birth order

 First born child

23.7 (323)

70.5 (228)

29.5 (95)

0.008

 Subsequent child

76.3 (1038)

62.9 (653)

37.1 (385)