Factor | Crude OR (95% CI) | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mother’s age at pregnancy |  | 0.010 |  | 0.105 |
15-19 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
20-29 | 1.06 (0.72, 1.57) | Â | 1.00 (0.69, 1.47) | Â |
30-34 | 0.90 (0.56, 1.44) | Â | 0.94 (0.54, 1.61) | Â |
> = 35 | 0.58 (0.37, 0.86) |  | 0.68 (0.43, 1.08) |  |
Maternal education | Â | 0.001 | Â | 0.009 |
No education | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Primary | 1.74 (1.33, 2.27) | Â | 1.69 (1.25, 2.28) | Â |
Secondary | 2.13 (1.67, 2.71) | Â | 1.91 (1.34, 2.73) | Â |
Higher | 2.02 (1.44, 2.83) | Â | 2.56 (1.26, 5.21) | Â |
Ethnicity | Â | 0.0 5 | Â | 0.015 |
Relatively advantaged | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Relatively disadvantaged (Janjati) | 1.18 (0.86, 1.61) | Â | 1.43 (1.04, 1.94) | Â |
Relatively disadvantaged (Dalit) | 0.73 (0.50, 1.05) | Â | 0.85 (0.58, 1.23) | Â |
Mother’s occupation |  | <0.001 |  | 0.007 |
Not working | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Agriculture | 1.17 (1.15, 1.90) | Â | 1.51 (1.16, 1.97) | Â |
Working (paid) | 1.99 (1.46, 2.72) | Â | 1.45 (0.99, 2.10) | Â |
ANC visit (number) | Â | <0.001 | Â | 0.212 |
No ANC visit | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
1-3 | 1.11 (0.87, 1.43) | Â | 1.22 (0.90, 1.64) | Â |
4 or more | 1.73 (1.30, 2.32) | Â | 1.25 (0.88, 1.78) | Â |
Place of delivery | Â | 0.002 | Â | 0.001 |
Home | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Health facility | 1.35 (1.12, 1.63) | Â | 1.67 (1.25, 2.23) | Â |
Birth order | Â | 0.05 | Â | 0.965 |
Fourth or more | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Second or third | 1.50 (1.24, 1.80) | Â | 0.99 ( 0.80, 1.42) | Â |
First | 1.11 ( 0.89, 1.42) | Â | 0.99 (0.756, 1.31) | Â |
Size of baby | Â | 0.032 | Â | 0.002 |
Average | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Small | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) | Â | 0.76 (0.54, 1.06) | Â |
Large | 1.34 (1.06, 1.68) | Â | 1.46 (1.07, 1.99) | Â |
Development region | Â | 0.002 | Â | 0.001 |
Central | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Eastern | 1.93 (1.29, 2.88) | Â | 1.63 (1.11, 2.41) | Â |
Western | 2.01 (1.33, 3.03) | Â | 1.53 (1.03, 2.29) | Â |
Mid -western | 2.09 (1.38, 3.17) | Â | 2.06 (1.44, 2.95) | Â |
Far-western | 3.32 (2.19, 5.05) | Â | 3.29 (2.12, 5.09) | Â |
Ecological region | Â | 0.038 | Â | 0.217 |
Terai/plain | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Mountain | 1.42 (1.02, 1.97) | Â | 1.19 (0.84, 1.70) | Â |
Hill | 1.42 (1.06, 1.87) | Â | 1.19 (0.90, 1.56) | Â |