Factor | # Total N [%] | Early initiation € n (%) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Maternal factors | Â | Â | Â |
Mother’s age at pregnancy (n = 2518) |  |  | 0.006 |
15-19 | 245 (9.7) | 211 (60.8) | Â |
20-29 | 1791 (71.1) | 1888 (68.5) | Â |
30-34 | 282 (11.2) | 454 (66.8) | Â |
> = 35 | 200 (7.9) | 308 (58.7) |  |
Maternal education | Â | Â | 0.001 |
No education | 1765 (43.3) | 1130 (57.9) | Â |
Primary | 817 (20.0) | 600 (70.0) | Â |
Secondary | 1225 (30.0) | 927 (74.6) | Â |
Higher | 272 (6.7) | 204 (73.6) | Â |
Mother’s occupation |  |  | 0.001 |
Not working | 965 (23.7) | 618 (59.1) | Â |
Agriculture | 2502 (61.3) | 1775 (68.0) | Â |
Working (paid) | 612 (15.0) | 468 (74.2) | Â |
ANC visit (Times) | Â | Â | 0.001 |
No ANC visit | 611 (15.0) | 382 (59.4) | Â |
1-3 | 1317 (32.3) | 885 (61.8) | Â |
4 or more | 2151 (52.7) | 1594 (71.7) | Â |
Place of delivery | Â | Â | 0.002 |
Home | 2464 (60.4) | 1670 (63.9) | Â |
Health facility | 1615 (39.6) | 1191 (70.5) | Â |
Sociodemographic factors | Â | Â | Â |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | 0.048 |
Relatively advantaged | 1955 (47.9) | 1359 (66.3) | Â |
Relatively disadvantaged (Janjati) | 1410 (34.6) | 1022 (69.8) | Â |
Relatively disadvantaged (Dalit) | 714 (17.5) | 480 (58.8) | Â |
Religion | Â | Â | 0.188 |
Hindu | 3480 (85.3) | 2464 (67.3) | Â |
Others | 599 (14.7) | 397 (61.9) | Â |
Wealth quintile | Â | Â | 0.073 |
Poor (Lower 40%) | 1992 (48.8) | 1375 (65.3) | Â |
Middle (Middle 40%) | 1416 (34.7) | 513 (62.3) | Â |
Rich (Upper 20%) | 671 (16.5) | 973 (70.4) | Â |
Child related factors | Â | Â | Â |
Sex of child | Â | Â | 0.098 |
Male | 2192 (53.7) | 1563 (68.0) | Â |
Female | 1887 (46.3) | 1298 (64.9) | Â |
Birth order | Â | Â | <0.001 |
First | 1248 (30.6) | 854 (64.0) | Â |
Second or third | 1847 (45.3) | 1367 (70.5) | Â |
Fourth or more | 984 (4.1) | 640 (61.5) | Â |
Size of baby (n = 3945) | Â | Â | 0.035 |
Average | 784 (19.2) | 1808 (65.4) | Â |
Small | 2576 (63.2) | 477 (64.2) | Â |
Large | 715 (17.5) | 574 (71.7) | Â |
Contextual factors | Â | Â | Â |
Place of residence | Â | Â | 0.816 |
Urban | 897 (22.0) | 638 (67.0) | Â |
Rural | 3182 (78.0) | 2223 (66.3) | Â |
Development region | Â | Â | <0.001 |
Eastern | 958 (23.5) | 679 (69.7) | Â |
Central | 854 (20.9) | 504 (54.4) | Â |
Western | 643 (15.8) | 456 (70.5) | Â |
Mid -Western | 896 (22.0) | 642 (71.4) | Â |
Far-Western | 728 (17.8) | 580 (79.9) | Â |
Ecological region | Â | Â | 0.017 |
Mountain | 742 (18.2) | 529 (70.5) | Â |
Hill | 1656 (40.6) | 1185 (70.4) | Â |
Terai/Plain | 1681 (41.2) | 1147 ( 62.7) | Â |